
[Reposted]
IN 1994, black journalist Elizabeth Wright examined the story of the late-nineteenth century Chicago caterer, Charles Smiley. He was so successful that in 1893 he constructed a large, three-story stone mansion (below) to house his business, complete with a dining room and ballroom. Smiley was a head of the Chicago chapter of the National Negro Business League, founded by Booker T. Washington in 1900 with financing by Andrew Carnegie.
According to Wright, black businessmen like Smiley were held back not so much by legal discrimination as by black leaders who refused to encourage a separate black economy and looked down upon manual labor:
Take Chicago in the late 19th century, for instance, where the doctrine of self-help was vigorously promoted by black businessmen. While such men emphasized the importance of business enterprise as the path to increased affluence and self-respect, other prominent blacks just as vigorously discouraged the creation of any black institutions.
Among the city’s most successful entrepreneurs was Charles Smiley, who owned the dominant catering business in Chicago and its suburbs. So respected was he for his outstanding professionalism that the demand for his services reached even into the adjacent states of Wisconsin, Indiana and Michigan.
Smiley was actually following in the footsteps of many black men throughout the country who made fortunes through their skillful management and promotion of the catering trade. When he arrived in Chicago as a young man, in 1881, with little formal education and 50 cents in his pocket, he took a job as a janitor, and used his spare time to hire himself out as a waiter at catered dinners and parties. As he developed contacts among wealthy Chicagoans, he saw the possibility of these people becoming clients of his own catering business.
Well-disciplined from a youth spent as a laborer, Smiley began his business on a shoestring. Booker T. Washington was to later say about this period in Smiley’s life, “He possessed, however, several assets more valuable than mere money. He had a resolute character, good powers of observation, ambition, and brains.” (more…)