Without Penance, Ruin
WHEN King Wenceslaus of Bohemia became ill in 1297, his doctors and aides agreed that it would be best for him to eat meat during Lent to regain his strength, even though Catholics at that time were forbidden all meat during the forty days of the annual season of penance. The king appealed to Pope Boniface VIII for a dispensation, the only way a person -- even the king himself -- could violate the rules of abstinence with a clear conscience. The pope granted the exception on the condition that the king continue to abstain from meat on Fridays, Saturdays and the vigil of St. Matthias -- and that he not eat meat in the presence of others or do so with excess. Lent was so rigorous in the Middle Ages that everyone collectively refrained from meat and from more than one meal a day. In the 19th century, Dom Prosper Guéranger commented in his famous Liturgical Year, from which this account of the Bohemian king comes, that the gradual adoption of milder forms of abstinence and fasting was due to a "decay of piety, and the general deterioration of bodily strength among the people of the western nations." Can you imagine what he might say about "the bodily strength" of Westerners if he visited an average Walmart today? In 1741, as he recounted, Pope Benedict XIV issued an encyclical to all bishops, warning them of dire consequences: The observance of…

