THIS 1937 interview with the 88-year-old former slave William Ballard was one of many slave narratives conducted by the Federal New Deal writers project under the Works Progress Administration. The narratives are collected in A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, Interviews with Former Slaves. The full collection is available at the Library of Congress.
As with many of these interviews, Ballard describes a condition of servitude that was far different from the harsh slavery Africans experienced for centuries in Africa, where the bones of dead slaves littered the trails to the slave markets on the coast. The conditions in the South and North enabled the original population of African-born slaves, numbering about 500,000, to grow to 3.5 million by 1860.
“I was born near Winnsboro, S. C., Fairfield County. I was twelve years old the year the Confederate war started. My father was John Ballard and my mother was Sallie Ballard. I had several brothers and sisters. We belonged to Jim Aiken, a large landowner at Winnsboro. He owned land on which the town was built. He had seven plantations. He was good to us and give us plenty to eat, and good quarters to live in. His mistress was good, too; but one of his sons, Dr. Aiken, whipped some of de niggers, lots. One time he whipped a slave for stealing. Some of his land was around four churches in Winnsboro. We was allowed three pounds o’ meat, one quart o’ molasses, grits and other things each week—plenty for us to eat.
“When freedom come, he told us we was free, and if we wanted to stay on with him, he would do the best he could for us. Most of us stayed, and after a few months, he paid wages. After eight months, some went to other places to work.
“The master’s wife died and he married a daughter of Robert Gillam and moved to Greenville, S. C. (more…)